Elasticity of demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Versatility of interest - Essay Example e conduct of value versatility under monopolistic rivalry, oligopoly, and imposing business model to decide the distinctions in value flexibility among the financial structures. Under monopolistic rivalry the value versatility is high. One reason this happens is on the grounds that there are numerous organizations contending in the commercial center. Firms can enter effectively into this market structure in light of the fact that there are no boundaries of section. A case of a firm working under monopolistic rivalry is the cheap food monster McDonalds. It is clear at client that the costs between cheap food chains change a great deal dependent on the value moves made by others. When McDonalds presented its one dollar esteem menu, rivals in the business, for example, Burger King and Wendy’s followed with their very own conservative menu. The serious rivalry in under this market structure raises the value versatility of interest for its players. In an oligopoly showcase structure the value flexibility of interest is medium. An oligopoly showcase is one in which there are a set number of firms partaking in the commercial center. Since there is rivalry the value flexibility of interest is influenced by others. There are boundaries of section which limit the quantity of members. The value flexibility of interest is lower in restraining infrastructure than in monopolistic rivalry since it now to the greatest advantage of the members for value wars to happen. Numerous variances in cost among member in the market can be harming to the whole market structure. A case of an oligopoly is the aircraft business. Aircrafts can not go in the maximum wars since their exercises are interconnected similarly as sharing assets from air terminals and the firm know the total interest for flying is to some degree stable, in this way a value war will just lower the all out benefits of the considerable number of members in the market structure. The financial benefits of firms taking an interest in an oligopoly rely upon different players which bring down the value flexibility of interest. A third market

Compulsive Hoarding

Habitual Hoarding Free Online Research Papers As meager as 15 years back, individuals with incredibly jumbled homes were known as pack rodents or authorities. There has been a developing issue where homes become so very loaded with assets that it makes it difficult to utilize the rooms in the house for the reason in which they were initially expected. No cooking in the kitchen, no family suppers in the lounge area, and no engaging loved ones in the front room since these spaces are involved by the fortunes of a hoarder, for all intents and purposes floor to roof. â€Å"Compulsive Hoarding is a psychological issue set apart by a fanatical need to gain and keep things, regardless of whether the things are useless, perilous, or unsanitary. In excess of 3 million individuals are enthusiastic hoarders.† (Flynn, Chan, Severson, 2010) Accumulating can some of the time show up in early pre-adulthood. If not tended to, it will generally deteriorate. A portion of the indications may include: - Cluttered living space; - Inability to dispose of things; - Keeping heaps of papers, magazines, or garbage mail; - Moving things starting with one heap then onto the next, without disposing of anything; - Acquiring un-required or futile things once in a while even refuse; - Difficulty overseeing day by day exercises including stalling and inconvenience deciding; - Difficulty arranging; - Perfectionism; - Excessive connections to assets and trouble allowing anybody to contact or acquire them; - Limited or no social communications. Accumulating can extend from an innocuous chaos, to a dangerous condition. (Scheff, 2010) Triggers and Causes Family and Genetics Accumulating appears to run in families. Clearly, in the event that one was raised by a hoarder, one is significantly more prone to be a hoarder, the same number of individuals frequently copy the earth where they were raised. Be that as it may, some exploration additionally focuses to a hereditary connection. â€Å"People with this issue will in general have a first degree relative who likewise does, so it may be hereditary, or it may be a demonstrating effect.† Says Randy O. Ice, Ph.D., a therapist at Smith College, North Hampton, Massachusetts. â€Å"Genetic look into recommends that a district on chromosome 14 might be connected to urgent accumulating in families with OCD. The examination, completed by a group from John Hopkins University School of Medicine in March 2007, investigated tests from 999 OCD patients from 219 families. Families with at least 2 accumulating family members indicated an interesting example on chromosome 14 where as other families’ OCD was connected to chromosome 3.† (Collingwood, 2009) Injury A few people delegated hoarders may simply be innocuous pack rodents until an injury happens in their life. Frequently storing spirals crazy after the demise of a friend or family member, for example, a parent, life partner, or youngster. Separation can likewise trigger accumulating to show a formerly fundamental issue into a calamity. Impulsive Shopping Accumulating additionally profoundly connects with enthusiastic shopping. Impulsive shopping likewise associates with different qualities of accumulating, for example, uncertainty and hairsplitting, which additionally corresponds with OCD. Accumulating isn't just portrayed by the failure to dispose of things, yet additionally by the over the top manner by which they are obtained. â€Å"It might be the situation that habitual shopping is one sign of a basic example of mental action that is a piece of an increasingly broad propensity towards impulsive acquisition.†(Murray, Close, Frost, 2010) Related Disorders OCD Accumulating has for some time been viewed as an indication of OCD, or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Be that as it may, over the most recent 10 years, analysts have started to see a distinction. Once in a while there is an individual with OCD who has a propensity toward accumulating, and now and again there are urgent hoarders without OCD. It is evaluated that in any event 18 to 30 percent of individuals with OCD have accumulating propensities. (Ice, Steketee, 2010) Despite the fact that storing isn't viewed as an illness in itself at the present time, this may all change soon. Specialists have been discussing in the event that it is a manifestation of OCD by any stretch of the imagination, and it might be recatagorized in the following release of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). A portion of the differentiations between Compulsive Hoarding and OCD may incorporate the accompanying: - Different from most patients experiencing OCD, most hoarders don't need assistance. This makes then likewise significantly more hard to treat. - Medication appears to work obviously better for patients with different types of OCD. - Hoarders have explicit subjective shortages not shared by individuals with different types of OCD, for example, the failure to order and decide. - Treatments for storing are more dull and take longer than run of the mill OCD medications - Hoarding OCD is substantially more prone to endure backslide than different kinds of OCD. (Elliot, 2009) OCPD Other than OCD, habitual accumulating is likewise connected to different disarranges and is even an analytic rules for OCPD, or Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. One examination recommends that twice the same number of hoarders meet the measures for OCPD as opposed to OCD. Likenesses among OCPD and storing incorporate distraction with subtleties, sorting out and efficiency. Patients experiencing the two issue have almost no knowledge into the seriousness of their issue and regularly don't perceive the negative effect of their practices on their lives. Storing may likewise connect with scatters, for example, ADD and ADHD where individuals additionally have a lot of trouble centering, deciding, and sorting out. (Wiegartz Carmin, 2010) Consequences for Family and Home Living in the home of a hoarder is distressing. Not at all like individuals with other fanatical urgent issue, accumulating impulses legitimately influence every single other individual living in the house. Despite the fact that the enthusiastic impacts of other OC related clutters can influence the family, it is commonly circuitous and can be maintained a strategic distance from. Frequently it is only a burden. Storing, be that as it may, significantly influences all people living under one rooftop. For instance, the crowd as a rule, spills out starting with one room then onto the next until all rooms, including the restroom, and kitchen become un-useable. This is extremely unsanitary and undesirable. Additionally, all the time if something turns out badly with the pipes or power, a hoarder may not employ experts to come in and fix the issues because of shame or powerlessness to get to the zone. (Fugen, Slavin, Donelly, 2010) For the group of one who stores, it is difficult to live in a similar house and not experience enthusiastic, or even physical injury. Through the chaos, yet in addition in light of the fact that hoarders’ extraordinary need to control all parts of the house cause outrageous contact and strain. An essential driver of conflict is the loss of usable living space in the common zones of the home including the lounge room, lounge area, washrooms, lobbies, kitchen, gateways, yard, and even the rooms of other relatives. The passionate impacts of accumulating are exceptionally troublesome on a marriage, and frequently end in separate. (Fugen et al., 2010) Relatives are compelled to live in absolute confusion. The hoarder accept control of the whole house and doesn't permit their relatives to settle on and choice about the home in which they live. This outcomes in sentiments of sharpness and disdain. Frequently, relatives get so baffled with the chaos that they will endeavor to arrange, dispose of, and tidy up without the information or authorization of the hoarder, bringing about enormous, victory battles. The hoarder will turn out to be far and away more terrible because of this â€Å"deception† in light of the fact that they feel disregarded and affronted. This makes them become much progressively defensive of their assets. (Fugen et al., 2010) The storing practices of the parent of a kid can seriously influence the child’s life. Youngsters are either not permitted or too humiliated to even consider having companions over which antagonistically impacts their social turn of events, leaving them feeling disconnected. Youngsters become pulled back and discouraged and will in general do inadequately in school or even drop out. Offspring of hoarders are inclined to become abusers of medications and liquor. (Fugen et al., 2010) Accumulating additionally influences the personal satisfaction in the home from a wellbeing viewpoint. People living in an accumulated house regularly experience the ill effects of cerebral pains and respiratory issues. As mess creates, it gets incomprehensible to residue or vacuum for quite a long time at once. Moreover, spilled fluids are regularly not tidied up causing all estates of form, parasite, and creepy crawly pervasion. Likewise, the house is probably going to become pervaded with rodents and other vermin who will store defecation and pee inside the messiness causing an entire scope of other medical problems. (Fugen et al., 2010) Another security danger is simply the messiness which makes it hard to move about the house. Pathways become obstructed by fallen or new mess and one could outing and fall and be truly harmed. Outrageous mess additionally puts the home at a critical danger of having a fire. Additionally in light of the messiness, it would be very hard for crisis staff to protect people caught inside the house. The home of a hoarder could truly collapse. Individuals regularly think little of the heaviness of their assets, and the floors and dividers could be crushed under the weight of an extraordinary crowd. It is considerably increasingly risky if the home has pets. Felines regularly not locate their litter box, if there even is one, and canines can't hold it long enough for their lords to explore through the wreckage, leaving the creatures to pee and poop all through the house. The outcome is totally poisonous. The hoarder gets acquainted with the scents, and barely sees an issue. The degrees of smelling salts make the air in the home dangerous to inhale, both for the creatures and people. Creature defecation, form, and growth make it exceptionally hazardous to possess the house, and it might be accounted for and censured by the city. (Fugen et al., 2010) Levels of Hoarding An authority hierarchical appraisal apparatus has

Sickles, Daniel Edgar

Sickles, Daniel Edgar Sickles, Daniel Edgar, 1819â€"1914, American politician, Union general in the Civil War, b. New York City. A lawyer, he became active in Democratic politics, serving in the New York legislature. He was a member of Congress from 1857 to 1861. In 1859 he was acquitted on grounds of temporary mental aberration of the murder of Philip Barton Key (Francis Scott Key's son), whom Sickles shot because of Key's affair with his wife. In the Civil War, Sickles fought in the Peninsular campaign (1862), at Chancellorsville (1863), and in the Gettysburg campaign (1863), where he lost a leg. His severity as military commander in the Carolinas (1865â€"67) led President Andrew Johnson to transfer him to another command. He retired from the army in 1869 as a major general. He was later minister to Spain (1869â€"73), held various political offices in New York, and served again (1893â€"95) in Congress. See biography by T. Keneally (2002). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The War Of The American Civilization Essay - 952 Words

It was in the blood of the Americans. Ever since the pilgrims set foot on Plymouth Rock, a new frontier continued to be confronted. Early in America’s history, this frontier was confronted through westward expansion. Many Americans believed in Manifest Destiny. They were convinced that it was God’s plan for the Anglo-Saxon Americans to expand their culture across the entire continent of North America. For many years, this was enough. The American civilization continued to move westward until it met the Pacific Ocean. Westward expansionism was no longer possible, and the explorer and conquerer that lied inside the spirit of many Americans was forced to lie dormant. This was until a new opportunity presented itself: the opportunity to expand control into other countries. For many Americans, this was merely the next logical step to becoming a world power. Spreading their influence into other countries would secure the U.S. a spot among the world’s elite na tions. What started as Manifest Destiny was now beginning to turn into imperialism. American leaders saw the Spanish-controlled Cuba as a perfect opportunity for U.S. expansion. All they needed to do was help the Cuban rebels overthrow the Spanish rule. This is what led the U.S. to enter the Spanish-American War. Just as westward expansion did in the years before, imperialism gave the U.S. new sources of raw materials and new opportunities for investment (Tindall and Shi, p. 898). These new regions of the worldShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Was Easy : Capitalism Vs. Communism1402 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Cold War was easy: Capitalism vs. Communism, West vs. East, Good vs. Evil†¦ however you wanted to define it, the dichotomy was simple to understand. When the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991, the New World Order was going to be a little more difficult to define, and to comprehend. 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Sample Thesis - 1268 Words

4, series 1997. PUP is one of the country s highly competent educational institutions. The PUP Community is composed of the Board of Regents, University Officials, Administrative and Academic Personnel, Students, various Organizations, and the Alumni. PUP is a public, non-sectarian, non-profit institution of higher learning primarily tasked with harnessing the tremendous human resources potential of the nation by improving the physical, intellectual and material well-being of the individual through higher occupational, technical and professional instruction and training in the applied arts and sciences related to the fields of commerce, business administration, and technology. The University promotes applied research, advanced studies and progressive leadership in the stated fields. Majority of the students belong to the economically challenged level of society. It is the University s commitment to give qualified and talented students access to quality and responsive education to aid them in the achievement of their dreams and improve their lives. Being a well-educated and skilled individual, they will not only become job seekers but job creators as well, a force of knowledge workers and entrepreneurs. PUP is relishing its successes and its students are enjoying unprecedented academic opportunities, an enhanced campus environment, upgraded colleges, state-of-the-art technology, and nationallyShow MoreRelatedSample Thesis10160 Words   |  41 PagesA.Y. 2012-2013 A Baby Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Institute of Allied Maritime Courses, Research and Extension Services of the NYK-TDG MARITIME ACADEMY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation By: D/Cdt. JUACALLA, Mark Angelo V. 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Wide Dynamic Range Compression Benefits Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Adults with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss have a demand for soft sounds to be amplified to assist with lucidity of address without traveling over a degree which the individual finds excessively loud. Moderate sensorineural hearing loss is caused by harm to outer hair cells, which can take to a reduced dynamic scope and finally, enlisting. The dynamic scope is the scope between the threshold of hearing and the uncomfortable volume degrees ( ULL ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Wide Dynamic Range Compression Benefits Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Venema ( 1998 ) refers to this as the floor ( threshold ) being raised and the ceiling ( ULL ) staying the same. When the ULL ‘s are unchanged, as thresholds worsen, an irregular addition in volume is perceived typically referred to as enlisting. In order to separate between different types of hearing AIDSs and happen the most suited for this type of hearing loss we have to look to see if the hearing AIDSs can embrace the individual ‘s dynamic scope without traveling over their uncomfortable volume degrees. It has been suggested that end product restricting compaction ( CL ) and broad dynamic scope compaction ( WDRC ) hearing AIDSs are more good for this type of hearing loss compared to linear hearing AIDSs with extremum niping. Ultimately, for a moderate sensorineural hearing loss it is believed that WDRC is the most good type of elaboration at this clip. The outer hair cells in the organ of Corti have been referred to as the amplifiers of the cochlea ( Brownell, et al. , 1985 ) . In the absence of outer hair cell map, a moderate sensorineural hearing loss of around 40-50 dubnium is present ( Ryan and Dallos, 1975 ) . The most prevailing type of hearing loss in grownups is presbyacusis or age-related hearing loss ( Valente, et. Al. 2008 ) . Presbyacusis begins as a bilateral, symmetrical, high frequence sensorineural hearing loss impacting the outer hair cells in the radical terminal of the cochlea. Peoples with this type of hearing loss tend to kick about background noises such as address babbling in a noisy saloon. This can account for, what is normally referred to as the upward spread of cover, which is caused by lower frequences dissembling higher frequences ( Valente et. al. , 2008 ) . This consequences in softer, higher frequence sounds from address such as consonants being masked by lower frequence address sounds such as vowels . Presbyacusis causes a elusive lessening in hearing over clip ( Valente et. al. , 2008 ) and as a consequence, patients do non normally attend clinics until their households notice that the telecasting is excessively loud or the patient themselves realize that they can non hear every bit good in noisy state of affairss as they used to. Hearing AIDSs can include different types of compaction circuits, which can profit different types of hearing loss. Let ‘s first expression at input and end product compaction circuits. They differ to each other depending on where the volume control is located in the circuit. Output compaction circuits have the volume control before the compaction takes topographic point. This type of compaction affects the compaction kneepoint and the addition but non the maximal power end product. It is besides the type of circuit used with CL elaboration scheme and is associated with high compaction ratios and kneepoints. Input compaction has the volume control located after the compaction circuit ; therefore the sound is compressed before the volume control affects the sound. This means that the kneepoint is unaffected while the addition and maximal power end product are. This type of compaction circuit is what tends to be used with broad dynamic scope compaction ( WDRC ) scheme and is asso ciated with low compaction ratios and kneepoints ( Venema, 1998 ; Dillon, 2001 ) . The first type of compaction is end product restricting compaction elaboration. The input is additive until it reaches a high kneepoint and so it compresses the sound with a high compaction ratio ( Venema, 1998 ; Valente, et. al. , 2008 ) . This type of compaction is really similar to top out cutting ( Personal computer ) , which is found in additive hearing AIDSs, nevertheless it is more pleasant for the hearer than Personal computer because there is less deformation. Peoples with normal hearing or mild to chair hearing loss will detect that the quality of address is more deformed with restricting when compared to people with terrible to profound hearing loss who will non detect this consequence as much ( Dillon, 2000 ) . In a survey of 12 grownups with mild to chair sensorineural hearing loss, sound quality and lucidity were improved with end product restricting compaction when compared to top out cutting ( Hawkins and Naidoo, 1993 ) . It is by and large accepted that additive hear ing AIDSs with extremum niping no longer hold a topographic point in audiometry clinics and hearing assistance companies have stopped fabricating them. Wide dynamic scope compaction ( WDRC ) is a compaction scheme that aims to magnify soft sounds by a batch, medium sounds by a moderate sum and loud sounds by a little sum ( Souza and Turner, 1998 ) . WDRC tends to give more addition to soft sounds and has reasonably short onslaught and release times ( Marriage, et al. , 2005 ) . WDRC is a nonlinear compaction scheme, which tries to mime the non-linearity of the cochlea and efforts to account for loudness enlisting with sensorineural hearing loss ( Moore, et al. , 1992 ) . The threshold kneepoint is normally low at around 50 dubnium in order to magnify quiet sounds, compactions ratios are normally lower than 4:1 and onslaught and release times are short so that harmonic sounds are non masked by vowel sounds ( Valente, et. al. , 2008 ) . WDRC is a comparatively new compaction scheme that is used normally in modern digital engineering hearing AIDSs. There are assorted positions as to whether WDRC is of more benefit than additive elaboration. It has been noted in some literature that mensurable benefits of WDRC include improved hearing for soft address sounds ( Souza and Turner, 1998 ) , address in quiet, address in noise, more comfy hearing state of affairss for loud address ( Moore, et. al. , 1992 ; Davies-Venn, 2009 ) and improved acclimatization ( Yund et. al. , 2006 ) . In contrast it has besides been reviewed that WDRC may better audibleness but non needfully intelligibility when compared to linear elaboration ( Marriage, et. al. , 2005 ; Souza and Turner, 1998 ) . WDRC may be of more benefit for people with mild to chair sensorineural hearing loss compared to people with terrible to profound sensorineural hearing loss. This may be due to the suggestion that as hearing gets worse i.e. in terrible to profound sensorineural hearing loss that temporal cues are relied on more to a great extent to understand address. Since fast WDRC can alter temporal cues it may be that this population of hearing assistance wearers benefits more from compaction modification ( Jenstad and Souza, 2005 ; Davies-Venn et. Al. 2009 ) . In 1992, Brian Moore, et. Al. tested 20 topics with moderate sensorineural hearing loss, mensurating speech favoritism ability in quiet and speech response thresholds ( SRTs ) in noise. The topics were fitted with two types of hearing AIDSs: Linear amplifiers and two-band WDRC compressors. They were tested with their new hearing AIDSs and besides in an unaided status and with their ain original hearing AIDSs. With the compaction hearing aids the topics had good address favoritism tonss at all strength degrees in the quiet and the other three conditions showed diminishing address intelligibility as the strength degree got quieter. The WDRC AIDSs proved to assist topics accomplish lower SRTs in noise compared to the other conditions. Patients with decreased dynamic scopes besides benefited from the compaction hearing AIDSs more than the additive AIDSs in that they found the loud sounds more comfy. When surveyed the topics besides preferred the sound of the WDRC hearing AIDSs ( Moore, e t al. , 1992 ) . Another benefit of WDRC over liner elaboration is improved acclimatization. Acclimatization is the clip it takes for the encephalon to acquire accustomed to sound from a peculiar type of elaboration and to hold increased speech acknowledgment. Yund et. Al. ( 2006 ) did an acclimatization survey with 39 topics with mild to chair inclining sensorineural hearing loss, who had ne’er worn hearing AIDSs. They showed that topics who wore the WDRC hearing AIDSs experienced acclimatization, whereas the patients who wore additive hearing AIDSs did non demo any increased address favoritism tonss. They believed this was because the WDRC hearing assistance was able to treat the normal hearing dynamic scope into the dynamic scope of topics with mild to chair sensorineural hearing loss. After a period of have oning additive elaboration, topics were so fitted with WDRC hearing AIDSs. These topics still struggled with acclimatization after a period with their WDRC hearing AIDSs and needed exce ss aid in the signifier of audile preparation to acquire rid of the effects of the additive elaboration on the encephalon. Overall, it was concluded that hearing AIDSs with more sophisticated engineering may be the best AIDSs for acclimatization ( Yund, et. al. , 2006 ) . One survey compared the benefits of additive and nonlinear hearing AIDSs with address trials and Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile ( GHABP ) questionnaires. The bulk of topics preferred the WDRC nonlinear hearing AIDSs compared to the additive hearing AIDSs. They showed better tonss on address trials, had better address acknowledgment, and preferred the overall hearing experience with the WDRC hearing AIDSs. WDRC hearing AIDSs can be programmed with fast or decelerate onslaught and release times or a combination as this can be adjusted for different channels. In this survey the research workers found that there was more of a penchant for slow onslaught and release times for the most comfort and satisfaction compared to fast WDRC ( Gatehouse, et. al. , 2006 ) . In comparing, Shi and Doherty ( 2008 ) found better address acknowledgment tonss for both slow and fast, onslaught and release times compared to linear hearing AIDSs, nevertheless found no difference between tonss for slow an d fast times in WDRC. When onslaught and release times are shorter the soft address sounds are amplified more than the louder 1s. If the release clip is long so the soft and loud address sounds are amplified at the same degree, which may ensue in the softer phonemes being masked by the louder 1s ( Valente, et. al. , 2008 ) . Where to put onslaught and release times may be different for each patient depending on their penchant ; nevertheless in these surveies it has been shown that holding onslaught and release times utilizing WDRC improves speech acknowledgment tonss compared to linear hearing AIDSs. WDRC multi-channel hearing AIDSs have a distinguishable advantage over individual channel hearing AIDSs because they have the ability to utilize BILL and TILL ( characteristics of WDRC ) at the same clip ( Sandlin, 2000 ) . BILL is the â€Å" bass addition at low degrees † and TILL is â€Å" the soprano addition at low degrees † ( Dillon, 2001, pp 169 ) . BILL will be given to travel into compaction a batch more with low frequence sounds and non every bit much with high frequence sounds. The scheme of BILL is to let the hearing assistance wearer to hear better in background noise. TILL will travel into compaction more frequently with high frequence sounds and non every bit much with low frequence sounds. The scheme of TILL is to increase audibleness of high frequence sounds. Both BILL and TILL used in concurrence can make a good adjustment scheme for a level moderate high frequence sensorineural hearing loss ( Venema, 1998 ) . Dillon ( 2000 ) described two jobs that can originate with WDRC hearing AIDSs. The first job is that while WDRC hearing AIDSs magnify really soft address good, they besides amplify really soft background noises such as the clock ticking or the sound of apparels traveling ( Dillon, 2000 ) . Fortunately with newer digital engineering, hearing AIDSs are able to divide address from background noise more intuitively than with linear engineering. A manner to cover with these really low degree background noises is to utilize enlargement. Expansion is the antonym of compaction and aims to do the weakest sounds in the quietest environments unobtrusive as it is below the hearer ‘s aided threshold ( Valente, et. al. , 2008 ) . The 2nd disadvantage is the job of feedback being introduced when the hearing assistance wearer is in a quiet environment and the addition is increased ( Dillon, 2000 ; Valente, et. al. , 2008 ) . In the past few old ages digital feedback suppression/cancellation ha s become more sophisticated and this does non look to be a job with WDRC in hearing assistance wearers every bit long as a suited earmould is fitted. Wide dynamic scope compaction has been shown to hold advantages over additive elaboration utilizing compaction modification and extremum niping circuits. In some research workers sentiments it has still non been unambiguously proven that WDRC is the best adjustment scheme for all types of hearing loss. As degrees gets worse than moderate sensorineural hearing loss, the loss of outer and interior hair cell map causes temporal cues to decline. It is ill-defined whether fast WDRC may be doing deformation in address signals due to this. What is clear is that for mild to chair sensorineural hearing loss, most normally observed with presbyacusis, WDRC seems to better address acknowledgment in quiet, in noise, overall comfort and it is easier to acclimatize to have oning hearing AIDSs. There is non a great sum of recent literature on the topic of the benefits of WDRC in the moderate sensorineural hearing loss class. It would be interesting to see new research conducted to find whether there are more benefits in multichannel WDRC with newer, more intuitive, digital engineering hearing AIDSs. How to cite Wide Dynamic Range Compression Benefits Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Symbolic Communication Essay Example

The Symbolic Communication Essay Language includes non-verbal as well as verbal symbolic communications. There is Sign language and Body Language. All communication with others is symbolic and involves the use of language, sound, bodily gesture and expression. Symbolic communications are demonstrated by the cars we drive, the houses we live in, and the clothes we wear (e. g. uniforms – police, military). The most important aspects of symbolic communication are the words we use. Sociality is both necessary and sufficient for symbolic communications to get off the ground. Terrence W. Deacon combines human evolutionary biology and neuroscience together in researches and hopes to shed light to evolution of human cognition. Deacon believes the complex symbolic communications ability possessed by human, is the driving force for language evolution. According to Deacon, human more or less â€Å"discover† language during the exploration of the complex relationship between symbols and what they refer to in the real world. The oldest surviving symbolic communications of humans are graffiti that were scratched or painted on protected rock surfaces. Some regard this material as art, which is clearly a matter of taste. As time went on, more elaborate iconography developed and was used both to communicate ideas and to provide decorations on pottery and other manufactured items and eventually on large scale stone carvings, but zenith of iconography was not reached until after the invention of the spray paint can. The earliest traces of Homo sapiens are marked with cave paintings, reminding us of the depth of the human investment in visual expression and the range and power of symbolic communications. Symbolic communications are the things that we have given meaning to and that represent a certain idea we have in place, for example, the American flag is a symbols that represent freedom for the Americans themselves, or imperialism and evil for some other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Huggins asserts that: Iconic communication deals mainly with non-verbal communication between human beings by the use of visual signs and representations (such as pictures) that stand for an idea by virtue of resemblance or analogy to it in contrast to symbolic communications where the meaning of a symbol is entirely nominal (such as English text describing a picture). Huggins W. H. Entwisle D. R. (1974) Iconic Communication: an annotated biography The John Hopkins University Press.

Korean War MiG-15 Communist Jet Fighter

Korean War MiG-15 Communist Jet Fighter In the immediate wake of World War II, the Soviet Union captured a wealth of German jet engine and aeronautical research. Utilizing this, they produced their first practical jet fighter, the MiG-9, in early 1946. While capable, this aircraft lacked the top speed of the standard American jets of the day, such as the P-80 Shooting Star. Though MiG-9 was operational, Russian designers continued to have issues perfecting the German HeS-011 axial-flow jet engine. As a result, airframe designs produced by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevichs design bureau began to outpace the ability to produce engines to power them. While the Soviets struggled with developing jet engines, the British had created advanced centrifugal flow engines. In 1946, Soviet aviation minister Mikhail Khrunichev and aircraft designer Alexander Yakovlev approached Premier Joseph Stalin with the suggestion of buying several British jet engines. Though not believing that the British would part with such advanced technology, Stalin gave them permission to contact London. Much to their surprise, the new Labour government of Clement Atlee, which was friendlier towards the Soviets, agreed to the sale of several Rolls-Royce Nene engines along with a licensing agreement for overseas production. Bringing the engines to the Soviet Union, engine designer Vladimir Klimov immediately began reverse-engineering the design. The result was the Klimov RD-45. With the engine issue effectively resolved, the Council of Ministers issued decree #493-192 on April 15, 1947, calling for two prototypes for a new jet fighter. Design time was limited as the decree called for test flights in December. Due to the limited time allowed, designers at MiG elected to use the MiG-9 as a starting point. Modifying the aircraft to include swept wings and a redesigned tail, they soon produced the I-310. Possessing a clean appearance, the I-310 was capable of 650 mph and defeated the Lavochkin La-168 in trials. Re-designated the MiG-15, the first production aircraft flew December 31, 1948. Entering service in 1949, it was given the NATO reporting name Fagot. Principally intended for intercepting American bombers, such as the B-29 Superfortress, the MiG-15 was equipped with two 23 mm cannon and one 37 mm cannon. MiG-15 Operational History The first upgrade to the aircraft came in 1950, with the arrival of the MiG-15bis. While the aircraft contained numerous minor improvements, it also possessed the new Klimov VK-1 engine and external hardpoints for rockets and bombs. Widely exported, the Soviet Union provided the new aircraft to the Peoples Republic of China. First seeing combat at the end of the Chinese Civil War, the MiG-15 was flown by Soviet pilots from the 50th IAD. The aircraft scored its first kill on April 28, 1950, when one downed a Nationalist Chinese P-38 Lightning. With the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, the North Koreans began operations flying a variety of piston-engine fighters. These were soon swept from the sky by American jets and B-29 formations began a systematic aerial campaign against the North Koreans. With the Chinese entry into the conflict, the MiG-15 began to appear in the skies over Korea. Quickly proving superior to straight-wing American jets such as the F-80 and F-84 Thunderjet, the MiG-15 temporarily gave the Chinese the advantage in the air and ultimately forced United Nations forces to halt daylight bombing. MiG Alley The MiG-15s arrival compelled the US Air Force to begin deploying the new F-86 Sabre to Korea. Arriving on the scene, the Sabre restored balance to the air war. In comparison, the F-86 could out dive and out turn the MiG-15, but was inferior in rate of climb, ceiling, and acceleration. Though the Sabre was a more stable gun platform, the MiG-15s all-cannon armament was more effective than the American aircrafts six .50 cal. machine guns. In addition, the MiG benefited from the rugged construction typical of Russian aircraft which made it difficult to bring down. The most famous engagements involving the MiG-15 and F-86 occurred over northwestern North Korea in an area known a MiG Alley. In this area, Sabres and MiGs frequently dueled, making it the birthplace of jet vs. jet aerial combat. Throughout the conflict, many MiG-15s were covertly flown by experienced Soviet pilots. When encountering American opposition, these pilots often were evenly matched. As many of the American pilots were veterans of World War II, they tended to have the upper hand when facing MiGs flown by North Korean or Chinese pilots. Later Years Eager to inspect the MiG-15, the United States offered a bounty of $100,000 to any enemy pilot who defected with an aircraft. This offer was taken up by Lieutenant No Kum-Sok who defected on November 21, 1953. At the end of the war, the US Air Force claimed a kill ratio of around 10 to 1 for MiG-Sabre battles. Recent research has challenged this and suggested that the ratio was much lower. In the years after Korea, the MiG-15 equipped many of the Soviet Unions Warsaw Pact allies as well as numerous other countries around the world. Several MiG-15s flew with the Egyptian Air Force during the 1956 Suez Crisis, though their pilots were routinely beaten by the Israelis. The MiG-15 also saw extended service with the Peoples Republic of China under the designation J-2. These Chinese MiGs frequently skirmished with Republic of China aircraft around the Straits of Taiwan during the 1950s. Largely replaced in Soviet service by the MiG-17, the MiG-15 remained in many countries arsenals into the 1970s. Trainer versions of the aircraft continued to fly for another twenty to thirty years with some nations. MiG-15bis Specifications General Length:  33 ft. 2 in.Wingspan:  33 ft. 1 in.Height:  12 ft. 2 in.Wing Area:  221.74  sq. ft.Empty Weight:  7,900 lbs.Crew:  1 Performance Power Plant:  1 Ãâ€" Klimov VK-1 turbojetRange:  745 milesMax Speed:  668 mphCeiling:  50,850 ft. Armament 2 x NR-23 23mm cannons in lower left fuselage1 x Nudelman N-37 37 mm cannon in lower right fuselage2 x 220 lb. bombs, drop tanks, or unguided rockets on underwing hardpoints Selected Sources Warbird Alley: MiG-15Aviation History: MiG-15Military Factory: MiG-15 (Fagot)

Battle of Princeton in the American Revolution

Battle of Princeton in the American Revolution Conflict Date: The Battle of Princeton was fought January 3, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Armies Commanders: Americans General George WashingtonBrigadier General Hugh Mercer4,500 men British Major General Lord Charles CornwallisLieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood1,200 men Background: Following his stunning Christmas 1776 victory over the Hessians at Trenton, General George Washington withdrew back across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. On December 26, Lieutenant Colonel John Cadwaladers Pennsylvania militia re-crossed the river at Trenton and reported that the enemy was gone. Reinforced, Washington moved back into New Jersey with the bulk of his army and assumed a strong defensive position. Anticipating a swift British reaction to the Hessians defeat, Washington placed his army in a defensive line behind Assunpink Creek to the south of Trenton. Sitting atop a low string of hills, the American left was anchored on the Delaware while the right ran east. To slow any British counterattack, Washington directed Brigadier General Matthias Alexis Roche de Fermoy to take his brigade, which included a large number of riflemen, north to Five Mile Run and block the road to Princeton. At Assunpink Creek, Washington faced a crisis as the enlistments of many of his men were set to expire on December 31. By making a personal appeal and offering a ten dollar bounty, he was able to convince many to extend their service by one month. Assunpink Creek In New York, Washingtons concerns about a strong British reaction proved well-founded. Angered over the defeat at Trenton, General William Howe cancelled Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis leave and directed him to advance against the Americans with around 8,000 men. Moving southwest, Cornwallis left 1,200 men under Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood at Princeton and another 1,200 men under Brigadier General Alexander Leslie at Maidenhead (Lawrenceville), before encountering the American skirmishers at Five Mile Run. As de Fermoy had become drunk and wandered away from his command, leadership of the Americans fell to Colonel Edward Hand. Forced back from Five Mile Run, Hands men made several stands and delayed the British advance through the afternoon of January 2, 1777. After conducting a fighting retreat through the streets of Trenton, they rejoined Washingtons army on the heights behind Assunpink Creek. Surveying Washingtons position, Cornwallis launched three unsuccessful attacks in an attempt to take the bridge over the creek before halting due to growing darkness. Though warned by his staff that Washington may escape in the night, Cornwallis rebuffed their concerns as he believed the Americans had no line of retreat. On the heights, Washington convened a council of war to discuss the situation and asked his officers if they should stay and fight, withdraw across the river, or make a strike against Mawhood at Princeton. Electing for the bold option of attacking Princeton, Washington ordered the armys baggage sent to Burlington and his officers to commence preparation for moving out. Washington Escapes: To pin Cornwallis in place, Washington directed that 400-500 men and two cannon remain on the Assunpink Creek line to tend campfires and make digging sounds. These men were to retire before dawn and rejoin the army. By 2:00 AM the bulk of the army was quietly in motion and moving away from Assunpink Creek. Proceeding east to Sandtown, Washington then turned northwest and advanced on Princeton via the Quaker Bridge Road. As dawn broke, the American troops were crossing Stony Brook approximately two miles from Princeton. Wishing to trap Mawhoods command in the town, Washington detached Brigadier General Hugh Mercers brigade with orders to slip west and then secure and advance up the Post Road. Unknown to Washington, Mawhood was departing Princeton for Trenton with 800 men. The Armies Collide: Marching down the Post Road, Mawhood saw Mercers men emerge from the woods and moved to attack. Mercer quickly formed his men for battle in a nearby orchard to meet the British assault. Charging the tired American troops, Mawhood was able to drive them back. In the process, Mercer became separated from his men and was quickly surrounded by the British who mistook his for Washington. Refusing an order to surrender, Mercer drew his sword and charged. In the resulting melee, he was severely beaten, run through by bayonets, and left for dead. As the battle continued, Cadwaladers men entered the fray and met a fate similar to Mercers brigade. Finally, Washington arrived on the scene, and with the support of Major General John Sullivans division stabilized the American line. Rallying his troops, Washington turned to the offensive and began pressing Mawhoods men. As more American troops arrived on the field, they began to threaten the British flanks. Seeing his position deteriorating, Mawhood ordered a bayonet charge with the goal of breaking through the American lines and allowing his men to escape towards Trenton. Surging forward, they succeeded in penetrating Washingtons position and fled down the Post Road, with American troops in pursuit. In Princeton, the majority of the remaining British troops fled towards New Brunswick, however 194 took refuge in Nassau Hall believing that the buildings thick walls would provide protection. Nearing the structure, Washington assigned Captain Alexander Hamilton to lead the assault. Opening fire with artillery, American troops charged and forced those inside to surrender ending the battle. Aftermath: Flush with victory, Washington wished to continue attacking up the chain of British outposts in New Jersey. After assessing his tired armys condition, and knowing that Cornwallis was in his rear, Washington elected instead to move north and enter winter quarters at Morristown. The victory at Princeton, coupled with the triumph at Trenton, helped bolster American spirits after a disastrous year which saw New York fall to the British. In the fighting, Washington lost 23 killed, including Mercer, and 20 wounded. British casualties were heavier and numbered 28 killed, 58 wounded, and 323 captured. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of PrincetonBattle of Princeton

Three Ted Talks Wk 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Three Ted Talks Wk 1 - Essay Example hin the social setting, it is not acceptable that the marketing ambitions of businesses must be made to override their social responsibilities (Shrivastava & Berger, 2010). Whiles discussing this all important topic, the two Michaels seemed to have diverging but equally practical views. For Porter, he sees businesses as being in a better position to tackling social problems. This is something that Porter believes must not be difficult to do while generating salaries and tax money. Sandel on the other hand feels that there is being enormous monetization of our culture. His fear is that once this happens then businesses can buy their ways through social problems by paying off for these. From a personal reflective perspective, it would be said that even though the monetization of our culture may generally not be a good idea, it should not be a reason to hold businesses accountable for their abilities to tackle social problems as Porter outlines. This is because as it has been indicated earlier, businesses are no longer in a marketplace that is detached from the larger society but rightly attached to the social setting in which they

Challenge is Managing the People Who Manage Knowledge Essay

Challenge is Managing the People Who Manage Knowledge - Essay Example The management should present the knowledge worker with an opportunity to collect, verify, validate and apply knowledge learned from his experiences and from the corporate records, and be able to share it with other workers. Such knowledge, when effectively disseminated in the organization, adds value to the organization or can aid in problem solving. According to McFarlane, despite the knowledge and experience a knowledge worker has, he or she needs exposure to tasks that will encourage personal growth. The management should realize that this is a need to the knowledge worker and has to be satisfied. Tasks assigned to these workers should present an opportunity for them to apply their criticality, skills, and experience. The tasks must pose a challenge to them, so that they can grow. Giving knowledge workers easy tasks will be under utilizing them and they will look for more challenging opportunities elsewhere. According to Serrat, an organization should define task objectives clear ly. In addition, the management should ensure that each worker understands the performance standards. An organization seeking to manage the knowledge workers effectively should formulate critical mission vision statements. Mission vision statements of an organization determine the mission vision statement of an individual in an organization, as well as the values an individual will display. If the mission of an organization presents great responsibility, the knowledge worker will be pushed to give his or her best and share knowledge with other workers in an effort to achieve the set goals of the organization. Setting challenging goals will push the workers to be more creative and critical and this will bring new ideas into the organization. The vision of an organization gives the knowledge worker a clear picture of the direction in which the organization should be moving. When the knowledge worker has a sense of direction, he performs better. According to Serrat, knowledge workers n eed knowledge managers. This is critical for any organization, because it requires a change in the type of managers hired. Organizations should no longer look at the ability to exercise power in a manager, but rather an ability to lead a team. A manager should have skills that enable him handles issues in his or her team effectively. A knowledge manager should be able to appreciate the talent of the team, mentor, and efficiently give feedback to the team. Knowledge workers need good working relationships with their managers. It is critical for the organization to ensure that managers provide a good working environment to the workers. Organizations should therefore do away with the traditional boss who spends time in supervision and giving orders. A knowledge manager should focus on organizational learning to ensure exemplary performance of the organization. The knowledge workers deserve space and time for them to work on their own. Constant supervision limits creativity and creativi ty. This does not mean that the management should allow them to do things their own way, but poses a challenge for the smart manager to realize when to supervise, or when to give them their space. It is not easy for an organization to quantify the amount of work done by knowledge workers, as it is n form of knowledge

Looking To The Future 1984 :: essays research papers

Looking to the Future 1984 "WAR IS PEACE FFREEDOM IS SLAVERY IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH"(Orwell 3). It is the year 1984 in London, Oceania. Winston Smith is one of many people in Orwell’s prediction of the world in the future but is today’s past. The world appears as a dark and fearful place where the only rhyme or reason is created by Big Brother, ruler of the state and the head member of the Party. All of the above phrases in the slogan show the power which is given to the Party (government). The best description lies in the Newspeak word doublethink. "Doublethink means the power of holding to contradictory beliefs in one’s mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated"(Orwell 190). Many descriptions similar to this are given in the book and help explain the way in which the socialist government of Oceania operates. It explains how a strong ruler can manipulate facts to fit his or her own intentions, which is often what socialist rulers may have done and still may do. Many of the ideas in 1984 were written to show predictions of what the world might be like if people did not question and act on what was happening around them. Orwell wrote 1984 after World War II when socialist governments which had gone wrong, like Russia, were becoming a powerful force in the world. Orwell, having once fought against Communist Russia, saw how much of a dangerous power they could become in the future, and in turn found it necessary to inform readers of what the future could hold. 1984 is his idea of what a country, such as England in this book, would be like if a socialist government came into power. He writes of the control that can be presented by a ruler by fear. A ruler can use fear to suppress a person’s ideas and make him or her believe what a ruler thinks or says. A good example of this is at the end when Winston has been caught and is relearning how to obey and never doubt Big Brother. "TWO AND TWO MAKE FIVE"(Orwell 247). This was used in the context that Winston would believe whatever he was told. Whether it be this mathematical equation or who Oceania was at war with, he would believe it because of the fear of torture.

Primacy of Survival in Life of Pi

The urgent crave to survive at all costs is known as the primacy of survival. Survival is essential for every animal, and there is no shortage of lengths they will go to in order to survive. Yann Martel’s Life of Pi portrays the theme of primacy of survival based on Pi’s determination and courage throughout his journey. Piscine Molitor Patel, known to all as Pi, is a Hindu boy who embarks on a journey to Canada along with his family and their zoo animals. Midway through his journey, the boat sinks in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and Pi is left stranded on a lifeboat.However, Pi is not alone on the raft; in his presence are a zebra, orangutan, hyena, and a fearsome Bengal tiger. Once he is aware of what happened, Pi understands that giving up on his life is not an option. This lust for survival is expressed by examining how all animals are naturally dangerous, how man will do cruel things in order to survive, and how all of our morals are lost when we feel threatened . Early on in Pi’s life, he is taught by his father that all animals are naturally dangerous.Pi’s father, who is the owner of a zoo in India doesn’t want Pi to be too comfortable around the animals at the zoo, since they could harm him if they feel threatened. In order to protect his son, he tells him â€Å"Life will defend itself no matter how small it is. Every animal is ferocious and dangerous. † (Martel, 41). This is crucial for Pi to understand, since he may think that some animals are harmless, meanwhile due to their natural instincts, they can be vicious if they feel threatened.However, after Pi’s father explains this to him he still isn’t convinced that Pi is fully aware of the consequences if he becomes too comfortable with the animals. Therefore he decides he needs to prove exactly how dangerous some of the animals can be. One day, he takes Pi and his brother to the big cats section of the zoo, to find a massive 550 pound female Be ngal tiger; the king of the jungle. He tells them how Mahisha, the tiger, hasn’t eaten in 2 whole days. Then, he says â€Å"I want you to remember this lesson for the rest of your lives† (Martel, 47). He then threw in a live goat into the tiger’s cage.With a sudden flash of orange and black fur, Mahisha demolished the goat with a single blow. Blood splattered everywhere, and Pi and his brother Ravi were utterly appalled by the sound of the dying goat. Pi himself is also an example of his father’s words that â€Å"Life will defend itself no matter how small it is. †( Martel, 41). Pi, a very skinny Hindu boy is faced alone with a hyena, orangutan, zebra and tiger on a lifeboat with no weapons. For the majority of his journey, he knows that death could be present at any given moment, but he still manages to protect and preserve himself.In certain situations, the primacy of survival of animals and humans alike can have an immensely powerful feeling, ur ging us to do anything in order to survive. This urge to survive can sometimes drive us to do cruel and unimaginable things. Pi experiences the cruelness of our hunger for survival when the boat Pi and his family are on begins to sink, and crew members throw Pi onto the lifeboat. Pi was thankful for them at first, since he thought being on the lifeboat would ensure his safety; however he wasn’t alone on the lifeboat.An adult hyena that was being shipped had managed to escape its cage and make refuge on the very same lifeboat as Pi! He soon realizes that the crew members didn’t throw him on the lifeboat to save his life, but rather as bait. Shocked, Pi says â€Å"They were using me as a fodder. They were hoping the hyena would attack me and that somehow I would get rid of it and make the boat safe for them. † (Martel, 121). This shows the extent to which humans will go to in order to survive, since there is ultimately nothing more drastic than human sacrifice. La ter on in Pi’s journey, he surprisingly runs into another lone survivor on another lifeboat.At this point in Pi’s journey, his body is severely dehydrated, and is beginning to deteriorate, which results in his loss of vision. The man on the other raft is blind as well, but once Pi begins to talk with him he is able to identify his accent as French. The man, much like Pi, hasn’t had food in days and is starving. Craving his own survival, the man attempts to attack and kill Pi for food. Pi is sure this is the end of his life, â€Å"I could feel him moving off the tarpaulin onto the middle bench and, fatally, bringing a foot down to the floor of the boat. ‘No, no, my brother! Don’t! We’re not-’ † (Martel, 283).Right before the man begins to attack Pi, Richard Parker; the mighty but weakened Bengal tiger on Pi’s lifeboat attacks the man and kills him. If it hadn’t been for Richard Parker, the man would have without a d oubt killed Pi and ate him in order to secure his own survival. Killing someone of the same species as you is sickening and cruel, but doing so to eat them is absolutely insane; something an animal would do. The truth is â€Å"We're animals. We're born like every other mammal and we live our whole lives around disguised animal thoughts. † (Morace, 1).Humans are essentially animals, but once separated from our race, faced with the possibility of death, we will do anything in order to survive. Not only will humans do unimaginable things in order to survive, their morals are all lost to a craving selfishness for survival. Pi experiences this first hand when the hyena on the lifeboat attacks the zebra and wounds it. He is initially horrified at this, but then he expresses how his sense of empathy was quickly overtaken in the fear of his own life: â€Å"When your own life is threatened, your sense of empathy is blunted by a terrible, selfish hunger for survival. † (Martel, 133).This is natural for humans, something that comes instinctualy to us. Later on, Pi feels remorse for the zebra, unlike how he felt in the moment. His instincts however could have saved his life, since he proceeded to hide once the hyena attacked instead of watching and mourning the zebra. Pi even knew that what happened was normal, and that it may have kept him alive. Before he set sail on the ship through the pacific, he learnt about this madness for survival, â€Å"All living things contain a measure of madness that moves them in strange, sometimes inexplicable ways. This madness can be saving; it’s part and parcel of the ability to adapt.Without it, no species would survive. † (Martel, 45). One may argue however that humans are different, that we should not turn into animals when we feel threatened. This is in fact false, since society is what holds us back: â€Å"Deprived of the zoo-like structures (society) that sustain them in their daily lives, humans retur n quite naturally to lives guided by basic instincts and animalistic impulses. † (Dominic, 143). Once Pi leaves society all together, he essentially becomes an animal like figure guided by instinct that only does things that are necessary for his survival. Because of Pi’s instincts, he is able to survive.Even though it may seem that Pi just witnesses these acts of human cruelty and loss of morals, he in fact suffers from the loss of morals and is extremely cruel himself. From as early on as he could remember in his life, Pi was a very strict vegetarian. Once he realized he was stranded on the life raft, he knew he would have to give up on his old habits, and that he would have to eat meat in order to survive. Pi quickly learns that he can’t be picky with the food he gets, and with his stomach rumbling of hunger, he proceeds to devour raw fish eyes, turtle blood and Pi even says that â€Å"I tried once to eat Richard Parkers feces.† (Martel, 237).He quickly learns that tiger feces isn’t suitable for humans to eat, and doesn’t attempt to eat it again. Even though it is entirely disgusting that he would do that, he didn’t have many more options. After these events it is said that â€Å"Pi also begins to recognize, much to his disappointment, that his own behaviours are becoming more animal-like† (Dominic, 143). Once Pi does realize that he is simply living off his instincts, he is surprisingly content with himself.However, on the verge of death, Pi does something that is questionable even in order to survive. One may wonder if there is anything worse that Pi could have done on his journey. The answer is cannibalism. After the man that Pi meets at sea is killed by Richard Parker, Pi actually eats some of the man’s raw flesh. Pi confesses that, â€Å"Driven by the extremity of my need and the madness to which it pushed me, I ate some of his flesh. † (Martel, 284). Having not eaten in nearly 12 day s, he even claims that â€Å"they slipped into my mouth nearly unnoticed. † (Martel, 284).This cruel, sickening and unacceptable act simply shows how we will do absolutely anything and everything in our power to survive. As a whole, the primacy of survival is thoroughly expressed within ample instances of Pi’s journey. What else could show the will to survive better than a teenage boy stranded alone on a lifeboat in the middle of the Pacific Ocean? Nothing, except if there perhaps was a giant Bengal tiger aboard. Well in that case Pi’s journey is the ultimate story of survival, since he faced hunger, thirst and death with the king of the jungle in his presence the entire time.Along his way, Pi learned how dangerous all animals naturally are, how humans can do such cruel things, and how our morals are lost when we are threatened. Some may speculate that what Pi did to survive is just plain wrong and unacceptable. Nevertheless Pi survived a record 227 days on the dreadful Pacific Ocean before his journey finally came to a close. From Pondicherry, India, all the way to Tomatlan, Mexico, Pi had to do many undesirable things that all point to an animal’s primacy of survival.

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